How would you classify the surgery performed for the total removal of bilateral lymph nodes?

Total removal of bilateral lymph nodes is typically classified as open surgery, as this procedure often requires a larger incision to access the lymphatic structures effectively on both sides of the body. Open surgery is characterized by direct visibility and access to the surgical site, which is necessary for the thorough removal of lymph nodes, especially when dealing with both sides.

Laparoscopic surgery involves minimally invasive techniques with small incisions and is generally utilized for surgeries that do not require extensive access to the body cavities. Endoscopic surgery typically refers to procedures performed within hollow organs or cavities, using an endoscope, which is not suitable for lymph node removal. Robotic surgery can enhance surgical precision and may be associated with minimally invasive approaches, but it is considered a form of open surgery when it involves the extensive removal of tissues or organs like lymph nodes.

Therefore, proper classification would lead to the conclusion that total removal of bilateral lymph nodes is best categorized under open surgery due to the nature of the access required for the procedure.